Select Scientific Publications

Apnimed is committed to advancing research in sleep-related breathing diseases. Below is a selection of key publications and presentations about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and our work.

AD109

AD109 is an investigational oral therapy designed to improve oxygenation during sleep by directly addressing the underlying neuromuscular cause of upper airway collapse in people with OSA.

The SynAIRgy Trial: A 26-Week Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Strollo PJ et al. CHEST Journal. 2025;168(4):A7242–A7243.

The LunAIRo Trial: A 51-Week Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Patel SR et al. CHEST Journal. 2025;168(4):A7249–A7250.

Demographic and Baseline Disease Characteristics of SynAIRgy: A Phase 3 Trial of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Strollo PJ et al. Sleep. 2025;48(Suppl):A339.

Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Participant Demographics and Baseline Disease Characteristics of the Lunairo Phase 3 Trial. Patel SR et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211(Abstracts):A6932.

Rationale and Design of a Phase 3 Open-label Extension Study of Fixed Dose Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Strollo PJ et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211(Abstracts):A6934.

Aroxybutynin and atomoxetine for the treatment of OSA: rationale and design of the SynAIRgy phase 3 RCT. Strollo P, Taranto-Montemurro L. SLEEP. 2024;47(Suppl 1):A233–A234.

Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine (AD109) for the Treatment of OSA: Rationale and Design of the LunAIRo Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Patel SR, Taranto-Montemurro L, Farkas R, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209:A4551.

Development of a combination of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic drugs for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Challenges and progress. Taranto-Montemurro L, Pho H, White DP. Front Sleep. 2023;2:1148282.

Obesity and self-reported symptoms as determinants of responses to atomoxetine and aroxybutynin for sleep apnea. Messineo L, et al. Eur Respir J. 2023;62:PA3594.

The Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (MARIPOSA): a randomized controlled trial. Schweitzer PK, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208(12):1316–1327.

Combination of atomoxetine with the novel antimuscarinic aroxybutynin improves mild to moderate OSA. Rosenberg R, Abaluck B, Thein S. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(12):2837-2844.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Every night, nearly 1 billion people with OSA worldwide stop breathing, exposing them to serious, long-term health risks.¹

The SHINE Survey: Uncovering Gender Differences in Psychosocial Burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Mallampalli M et al. Sleep. 2025;48(Suppl):A292-A293.

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Daily Life by Disease Severity Level: Analysis from the SHINE Survey. Mendoza A et al. Sleep. 2025;48(Suppl):A293.

Prevalence and Unmet Need of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the United States. Watson N et al. Sleep. 2025;48(Suppl):A278.

Unmasking Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Estimated Prevalence and Impact in the United States. Sönmez I et al. Sleep. 2025;48(Suppl):A277-A278.

The relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in four community-based cohorts: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 12,860 adults. Esmaeili N et al. EClinicalMedicine. 2025;83.

Fatigue is distinct from sleepiness and negatively impacts individuals living with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): results from qualitative research of individuals with OSA. Emsellem HA et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2025;23(1).

Hypoxic burden of sleep apnea: measurement and associations with outcomes. Azarbarzin A. May 23, 2023.

Upper airway muscles: influence on obstructive sleep apnoea pathophysiology and pharmacological and technical treatment options. Perger E, Taranto-Montemurro L. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(6):505-513.

Targeting endotypic traits with medications for the pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. A review of the current literature. Taranto-Montemurro L, et al. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11)1846.

The hypoxic burden of sleep apnoea predicts cardiovascular disease-related mortality: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Sleep Heart Health Study. Azarbarzin A et al. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(14):1149-1157.

Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Benjafield AV et al. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(8):687-698.

Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Benjafield AV et al. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(8):687-698.

Disclaimer: On this page, you may select links to key publications from peer-reviewed journals as well as to materials presented at scientific conferences relating either to research studies involving Apnimed’s product candidates or the science guiding our discovery, research, and development efforts. The safety and efficacy of any investigational product discussed in these materials has yet to be determined. Note that certain of these materials were authored by unaffiliated third parties and do not represent Apnimed’s views. The content of each work is the property of the respective copyright holder and may not be further distributed without their express permission. The information in these materials may not be current or comprehensive, and Apnimed undertakes no obligation to correct or update such information.